Since the Industry 4.0 concept was introduced into the market, factories and manufacturing processes have experienced different transformations to make them smarter, by linking various up to now isolated disciplines, from design to production, automated inspections, embedded...

Surface contamination involving micrometric particles, microbiological agents, molecular adsorbate and others, represent a significant hazard in many areas of industry. For instance, a high level cleanliness is a critical requirement that any EEE device has to fulfil at any...