In Alter Technology micro-sectioning is accomplished in a specifically dedicated laboratory and by ESA certified staff on PCB/SMD inspection. ESA selects those laboratories that according to the higher quality standards are recommended to perform such operations on SMT/PCB...
Plated Through Vias (PTV) are critical elements in PCB systems and special care must be paid during their inspection in order to ensure the reliability, as they are one the main factors that determine the PCB Quality. The functionality and reliability of PTVs are dictated by:...
Thermomechanical stress in PCB/PWBs is generated by the mismatch between the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the materials comprising the system. In general laminate material used for PCB fabrication, as well as other dielectric polymers, have larger CTE than metal...
Crimped connectors are extensively present in EEE systems because of the good performance and easier installation at reduced dimension. Due to the key role played, they are required to have high durability even under harsh operating conditions. In the case of unexpected/early...
Improper degree of compression: Stress relaxation, Improper crimping, Diagnosis tools and Inspection conducted in Alter Technology laboratories.
Crimped connectors are gas-tight junctions ideally protected against environmental contaminants and corrosive agents. Nonetheless inappropriate crimping and inherent connector and wire defects reduce this protection. Thus, depending of the storage atmosphere, non-conducting...
Electrothermal event refers to abnormal temperature increase leading to malfunction or catastrophic fails. The high temperature reached during such event activates or initiates some of the failure mechanism explained before, such as the growth of insulation oxide layers and...
Crimping together with wire wrapping and spring clip systems are the preferred alternatives for the solderless connection of electrical conductors. In particular, crimped connectors offer several advantages such as: Gas-tightness and protection against oxidation and corrosive...
X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) also known as electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) is a surface-sensitive quantitative analysis method to accurately determine the elemental composition of solid materials. The technique is the most extended tool for the...
XRF is a non-destructive and quick analytical tool to determine the chemical elements present in the specimen. In particular, it combines low detection limit (particularly in the case of heavy elements) with quick and easy sample preparation.
This type of inspection is performed using an electron microscope which produces images of a sample by scanning it with a focused electron beam. Interaction between the electrons and atoms in the sample generates signals that contain information about the sample’s surface...
This analytic technique may provide both qualitative and quantitative information of the composition of a surface, i.e. identification of the elements and the element weights, respectively. The technique relies on the detection and spectroscopy of secondary radiation (X-Ray)...
